22 WMR vs 22 Magnum: A Comprehensive Comparison

When it comes to small-bore cartridges, the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (22 WMR) and the .22 Long Rifle (22 LR) often dominate the conversation. However, another contender frequently enters the discussion: the .22 Magnum. While the name might suggest a direct relationship with the .22 LR, the 22 WMR, often referred to as the 22 Magnum, is a distinct cartridge with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. This article provides a comprehensive comparison of the 22 WMR vs 22 Magnum, exploring their ballistics, applications, and overall suitability for various shooting activities.

Understanding the Cartridges

Before diving into the specifics, it’s crucial to understand the basics of each cartridge. The 22 WMR, or 22 Magnum, was introduced in 1959 by Winchester. It was designed as a more powerful rimfire cartridge compared to the then-ubiquitous .22 LR. The 22 WMR achieves this increased power through a larger case and higher operating pressures. It’s important to note that when people say 22 Magnum, they are almost always referring to the 22 WMR.

Ballistics and Performance

The most significant difference between the 22 WMR and the 22 LR lies in their ballistic performance. The 22 WMR generally offers significantly higher velocities and energy compared to the .22 LR. This translates to a flatter trajectory, longer effective range, and greater terminal performance.

Velocity and Energy

Typical 22 WMR loads, using a 40-grain bullet, can achieve muzzle velocities of around 1,900 to 2,000 feet per second (fps) from a rifle barrel. This results in muzzle energy in the range of 300 to 320 foot-pounds (ft-lbs). In contrast, a standard .22 LR with a similar bullet weight typically produces velocities around 1,200 to 1,300 fps and energy around 140 to 150 ft-lbs. This difference in power makes the 22 WMR a more capable cartridge for longer-range shooting and hunting small game.

Trajectory

The higher velocity of the 22 WMR results in a flatter trajectory. This means that the bullet drops less over a given distance, making it easier to hit targets at longer ranges. Shooters using the 22 WMR will generally need to make fewer adjustments for bullet drop compared to the .22 LR, especially at distances beyond 75 yards.

Effective Range

The effective range of the 22 WMR is generally considered to be around 125 to 150 yards, depending on the specific load and the shooter’s skill. The .22 LR, on the other hand, is typically more effective at ranges of 75 yards or less. The 22 Magnum‘s superior ballistics make it a better choice for situations where longer shots are required or anticipated.

Applications and Uses

The 22 WMR and the .22 LR are used for a variety of purposes, but their different performance characteristics make them better suited for different applications.

Hunting

The 22 WMR is a popular choice for hunting small game, such as squirrels, rabbits, and prairie dogs. Its higher velocity and energy provide greater stopping power, making it more effective for cleanly taking these animals. While the .22 LR can also be used for hunting small game, it requires more precise shot placement and is generally better suited for closer-range hunting. Some hunters even use the 22 Magnum for larger pests like raccoons or foxes, though ethical shot placement is crucial.

Target Shooting and Plinking

Both the 22 WMR and the .22 LR can be used for target shooting and plinking. However, the .22 LR is generally preferred for these activities due to its lower cost and quieter report. The 22 WMR is more expensive to shoot and produces a louder noise, which can be a consideration in some shooting environments.

Self-Defense

While the .22 LR is sometimes considered for self-defense, it is generally not recommended due to its limited stopping power. The 22 WMR offers a slight improvement in this regard, but it is still not an ideal choice for self-defense compared to larger caliber cartridges. The small bullet size and limited penetration can make it less effective in stopping a threat. [See also: Best Caliber for Self-Defense]

Firearms Chambered in 22 WMR

The 22 WMR is chambered in a variety of firearms, including rifles, handguns, and even some shotguns. Rifles chambered in 22 Magnum are often bolt-action or semi-automatic, while handguns are typically revolvers or semi-automatic pistols. The versatility of the 22 WMR cartridge has led to its adoption in a wide range of firearm platforms. Some popular rifles include the Marlin XT-22M and the Savage A22 Magnum. For handguns, the Ruger Single-Six and the Smith & Wesson Model 650 are well-regarded options.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Each cartridge has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these can help shooters make an informed decision about which cartridge is best suited for their needs.

22 WMR Advantages:

• Higher velocity and energy
• Flatter trajectory
• Longer effective range
• Greater stopping power for hunting small game

22 WMR Disadvantages:

• Higher cost
• Louder report
• Greater recoil (though still minimal)
• Ammunition may be harder to find in some areas

Cost and Availability

The .22 LR is significantly less expensive than the 22 WMR. This is a major factor for many shooters, especially those who shoot frequently. The .22 LR is also more readily available in most areas, making it easier to find ammunition when needed. The 22 Magnum, while not rare, is typically more expensive and may be harder to find, especially during periods of high demand. [See also: .22 LR Ammunition Guide]

Recoil and Noise

The 22 WMR produces slightly more recoil than the .22 LR, but the difference is generally minimal and not a significant factor for most shooters. Both cartridges have relatively low recoil, making them suitable for shooters of all ages and experience levels. However, the 22 Magnum is noticeably louder than the .22 LR. This can be a consideration for shooters who are sensitive to noise or who are shooting in areas where noise levels are a concern.

Conclusion

The 22 WMR, or 22 Magnum, offers a significant step up in power and performance compared to the .22 LR. Its higher velocity, flatter trajectory, and greater energy make it a better choice for longer-range shooting and hunting small game. However, the 22 WMR is also more expensive and produces a louder report. The .22 LR remains a popular choice for target shooting, plinking, and close-range hunting due to its lower cost and readily available ammunition. Ultimately, the best cartridge for a particular shooter will depend on their individual needs and preferences. Carefully consider the intended use, budget, and shooting environment when making a decision between the 22 WMR vs 22 Magnum (or .22 LR).

Choosing between the 22 Magnum and other rimfire options requires a careful evaluation of intended use and budget. The 22 WMR, when appropriately applied, provides a significant advantage in terms of power and range. However, for general plinking and target practice, the .22 LR remains a cost-effective and widely available choice.

When comparing the 22 WMR vs 22 Magnum, remember that they are essentially the same cartridge. The key is to understand its capabilities and limitations in relation to other available options.